Nickel & High Temperature Alloys

What is Nickel and its Alloys?

Nickel (Ni) and its alloys are versatile metals that are widely specified for corrosion resistance. These alloys also have high-temperature strength, thermal expansion abilities, and special magnetic properties. They are used for a broad range of applications such as aircraft gas turbines, nuclear power systems, medical applications, in the chemical and petrochemical industries, and in steam turbine power plants. Other uses that include Nickel’s unique physical characteristics include shape memory alloys, soft magnetic alloys, low expansion alloys, and electrical resistance alloys.

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Nickel Product Examples

Nickel and its Alloys

Nickel 200, 201, 270
Monel 400, 405, K-500
Inconel 600, 601, 617, 625
Inconel 718, X-750
Incoloy 800, 800HT, 825
Hastelloy C276, X, B3
Alloy 20, Alloy 330
A286
Kovar, Invar
NiChrome 80/20

Nickel 200

Properties of Nickel 200 ↓

Nickel 201: Nickel 201 is the low carbon variant of Ni 200. It is primarily used for parts that require strong magnetic properties and excellent corrosion resistance. It is pure wrought Nickel with high ductile capabilities. It is ferromagnetic and has high levels of thermal and electrical conductivity. It can be used in reducing and oxidizing environments. It’s virtually immune to stress cracking corrosion. It is ideal for use in both fresh and seawater processes.

Nickel 200 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	8.89 g/cm3	0.321 lb/in3
Melting Point	1435-1446°C	2615-2635°F

Nickel 200 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	8.89 g/cm3	0.321 lb/in3
Melting Point	1435-1446°C	2615-2635°F

Nickel 200 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@20-100°C/68-212°F)	13.3 µm/m°C	7.39 µin/in°F
Thermal conductivity	70.2 W/mK	487 BTU.in/hrft².°F

Nickel 201

Properties of Nickel 201 ↓

Nickel 201 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	8.89 g/cm3	0.321 lb/in3
Melting Point	1435-1446°C	2615-2635°F

Nickel 201 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Tensile strength (annealed)	403 MPa	58500 psi
Yield strength (annealed)	103 MPa	14900 psi
Elongation at break (annealed prior to test)	50%	50%

Nickel 201 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@20-100°C/68-212°F)	13.1 µm/m°C	7.28 µin/in°F
Thermal conductivity	79.3 W/mK	550 BTU.in/hrft².°F

Nickel 270

Properties of Nickel 270 ↓

Nickel 270: Nickel 270 is a high-purity grade of Nickel, and is often made by powder metallurgy. It has high ductility and low base hardness. It has many uses, which include electrical resistance thermometers, electrical and electronic components. Nickel 270 can be machined by use of conventional means that incorporate the use of high-speed steel tooling.

Nickel 270 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	8.89 g/cm3	0.321 lb/in3
Melting Point	1454°C	2649°F

Nickel 270 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Tensile strength (annealed)	345 MPa	50000 psi
Yield strength (annealed)	110 MPa	16000 psi
Elongation at break (annealed)	50%	50%

Nickel 270 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@20-100°C/68-212°F)	13.3 µm/m°C	7.39 µin/in°F
Thermal conductivity	86 W/mK	597 BTU.in/hrft².°F

Monel 400

Properties of Monel 400 ↓

Monel 400: Monel 400 is an alloy made up of approximately 65% nickel and 30% copper. This high performance alloy is known for its thermal conductivity, good ductility, superior strength and excellent corrosion resistance in the face of alkaline and acidic environments alike. Also, it is especially resistant to corrosion in reducing atmospheres. Examples of common Monel 400 applications include those related to chemical and hydrocarbon processing and marine engineering. It is often used in the production of items like: propeller and pump shafts, steam generator tubing, sea water scrubbers, MEA reboiling tubes and heat exchangers.

Monel 400 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	8.8 g/cm3	0.318 lb/in3

Monel 400 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Tensile strength (annealed)	517-620 MPa	75-90 ksi
Yield strength	172-345 MPa	25-50 ksi
Modulus of elasticity	179 GPa	26000 ksi
Poisson’s ratio	0.32	0.32

Monel 400 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Thermal conductivity	21.8 W/mK	151 BTU.in/hrft².°F

Monel K-500

Properties of Monel K-500 ↓

Monel K-500: Monel K-500 is an alloy of both Nickel and Copper. It combines the superior corrosion properties of Monel 400 with improved strength and hardness. These properties are obtained by adding titanium and aluminum to the nickel-copper base, using a thermal process to effect precipitation. It is an age hardening alloy. In this hardened condition, Monel K-500 tends to have approximately 3X the tensile and yield strength of Monel 400. At 200°F, it is non-magnetic and spark resistant. It is mainly used in pump shafts, oil well industry, sour-gas service applications, lifts and valves, doctor blades and scrapers.

Monel K-500 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	0.3054 lb/cu in	8.434 gram/cc
Melting Range	2400-2460 °F
Modulus of Elasticity	10(6) psi	Tension 26.0	Torsion 9.5
Poisson’s Ration	0.32

Monel K-500 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Tensile strength (annealed)	517-620 MPa	75-90 ksi
Yield strength	172-345 MPa	25-50 ksi
Modulus of elasticity	179 GPa	26000 ksi
Poisson’s ratio	0.32	0.32

Monel K-500 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Thermal conductivity	21.8 W/mK	151 BTU.in/hrft².°F

Inconel 600

Properties of Inconel 600 ↓
Inconel 600: Inconel 600 is an alloy of chromium and Ni. It is mainly used where high temperature and corrosion resistance is required. It has superior mechanical properties and has the perfect combination of good weldability and high strength. It offers high resistance even when exposed to chloride-ion stressing-corrosion cracking. Typical applications of Inconel 600 include in nuclear engineering, and heat treating, the aerospace, paper, chemical, and pulp industries.

Inconel 600 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	English
Density	8.47 g/cc	0.306 lb/in3

Inconel 600 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Tensile Strength, Ultimate (annealed)	655 MPa	95000 psi
Tensile Strength, Ultimate at Elevated Temperature	550 MPa	79800 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield	310 MPa	45000 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield at Elevated Temperature	180 MPa	26100 psi
Elongation at Break	45%	45%
Elongation at Break at Elevated Temperature	42%	42%

Inconel 600 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	Imperial
CTE, linear 20°C	13.3 µm/m-°C	7.39 µin/in-°F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.444 J/g-°C	0.106 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal conductivity	14.9 W/m-K	103 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1354 – 1413 °C	2470 – 2580 °F
Solidus	1354 °C	2470 °F
Liquidus	1413 °C	2580 °F

Inconel 625

Properties of Inconel 625 ↓
Inconel 625: Inconel 625 is widely used for its excellent fabricability, outstanding corrosion resistance, and high strength. It is useful in various industrial applications. Inconel 625 is highly valuable due to its high versatility and ability to address design and application issues. It is comprised of molybdenum, chromium, Ni, and niobium. The addition of molybdenum gives it improved strength without the need to use heat-strengthening treatments. The combination not only improves its overall strength but also creates resistance in different corrosion environments.

Inconel 625 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	English
Density	8.44 g/cm3	0.303 lb/in3

Inconel 625 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	English
Tensile Strength, Ultimate (annealed)	880 MPa	128000 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield (annealed)	460 MPa	66700 psi
Elongation at Break	50% (55% @Temperature 650 °C)	50% (55% @Temperature 1200 °F)
Rupture Strength	42%	42%
	17.2 MPa @Temperature 982 °C, Time 3.60e+6 sec	2500 psi @Temperature 1800 °F, Time 1000 hour
	31.0 MPa @Temperature 982 °C, Time 360000 sec	4500 psi @Temperature 1800 °F, Time 100 hour
	89.6 MPa @Temperature 816 °C, Time 3.60e+6 sec	13000 psi @Temperature 1500 °F, Time 1000 hour
	124 MPa @Temperature 816 °C, Time 360000 sec	18000 psi @Temperature 1500 °F, Time 100 hour
	365 MPa @Temperature 649 °C, Time 3.60e+6 sec	53000 psi @Temperature 1200 °F, Time 1000 hour
	441 MPa @Temperature 649 °C, Time 360000 sec	64000 psi @Temperature 1200 °F, Time 100 hour

Inconel 625 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	English
CTE, linear 20°C	12.8 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 100 °C	7.11 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 212 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.410 J/g-°C	0.0980 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal conductivity	9.80 W/m-K	68.0 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1290 – 1350 °C	2350 – 2460 °F
Solidus	1290 °C	2350 °F
Liquidus	1350 °C	2460 °F

Inconel 625 Component Elements Properties

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English
Aluminum, Al	<= 0.40 %	<= 0.40 %
Carbon, C	<= 0.10 %	<= 0.10 %
Chromium, Cr	20 – 23 %	20 – 23 %
Cobalt, Co	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Iron, Fe	<= 5.0 %	<= 5.0 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Molybdenum, Mo	8.0 – 10 %	8.0 – 10 %
Nickel, Ni	>= 58 %	>= 58 %
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb)	3.15 – 4.15 %	3.15 – 4.15 %
Phosphorous, P	<= 0.015 %	<= 0.015 %
Silicon, Si	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.015 %	<= 0.015 %
Titanium, Ti	<= 0.40 %	<= 0.40 %

Inconel 718

Properties of Inconel 718 ↓

Inconel 718: Inconel 718 is a corrosion-resistant and high-strength nickel-chromium alloy. Its composition includes Ni, Iron, Chromium, Molybdenum, Aluminum, Cobalt, Carbon, Titanium, Copper, Sulfur, Boron, Silicon, Phosphorus, and Manganese. It is easily fabricated into parts that are complex. It has outstanding characteristics such as its ability to resist post-weld cracking. Due to this feature and many others such as the ease of fabrication, Inconel 718 is used in a wide range of applications. It is also used in liquid-fuel rockets, casings, rings and various metal parts for land-based gas turbine engines. It can also be used in cryogenic tankage.

Inconel 718 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Density	8.19 g/cc	0.296 lb/in³

Inconel 718 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	1100 MPa @Temperature 650 °C	160000 psi @Temperature 1200 °F	Precipitation Hardened prior to test
	1375 MPa @Temperature 23.0 °C	199400 psi @Temperature 73.4 °F
Tensile Strength, Yield	1100 MPa @Strain 0.200 %	160000 psi @Strain 0.200 %	Precipitation Hardened. Value at room temperature
	980 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 650 °C	142000 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1200 °F	Precipitation Hardened prior to test
Elongation at Break	25 %	25 %	Precipitation Hardened
	18 % @Temperature 650 °C	18 % @Temperature 1200 °F	Precipitation Hardened prior to test.
Rupture Strength	593 MPa @Temperature 649 °C, Time 3.60e+6 sec	86000 psi @Temperature 1200 °F, Time 1000 hour
	703 MPa @Temperature 649 °C, Time 360000 sec	102000 psi @Temperature 1200 °F, Time 100 hour

Inconel 718 Electrical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.000125 ohm-cm	0.000125 ohm-cm
Magnetic Permeability	1.0011	1.0011	at 200 oersted (15.9 kA/m)
Curie Temperature	-112 °C	-170 °F

Inconel 718 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	English
CTE, linear	13.0 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 100 °C	7.22 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 212 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.435 J/g-°C	0.104 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	11.4 W/m-K	79.1 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1260 – 1336 °C	2300 – 2437 °F
Solidus	1260 °C	2300 °F
Liquidus	1336 °C	2437 °F

Inconel 718 Component Elements Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Aluminum, Al	0.20 – 0.80 %	0.20 – 0.80 %
Boron, B	<= 0.0060 %	<= 0.0060 %
Carbon, C	<= 0.080 %	<= 0.080 %
Chromium, Cr	17 – 21 %	17 – 21 %
Cobalt, Co	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Copper, Cu	<= 0.30 %	<= 0.30 %
Iron, Fe	17 %	17 %	As remainder
Manganese, Mn	<= 0.35 %	<= 0.35 %
Molybdenum, Mo	2.8 – 3.3 %	2.8 – 3.3 %
Nickel, Ni	50 – 55 %	50 – 55 %	includes cobalt
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb)	4.75 – 5.5 %	4.75 – 5.5 %
Phosphorous, P	<= 0.015 %	<= 0.015 %
Silicon, Si	<= 0.35 %	<= 0.35 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.015 %	<= 0.015 %
Titanium, Ti	0.65 – 1.15 %	0.65 – 1.15 %

Inconel X-750

Properties of Inconel X-750 ↓
Inconel X 750: Inconel X 750, also referred to as Alloy X-750, is a cost-effective nickel-chromium alloy that is hardenable through precipitation. It is famed for its high strength, even when exposed to high temperatures, ideal for use in a wide range of applications. It is mainly used in gas turbine components, rocket engine thrust chambers, nuclear reactors, pressure vessels as well as multiple airframe applications. It is available in various forms, which include sheets, bars, forgings, pipe fittings, flanges, plates, seamless tubes and welded tubes.

Inconel X-750 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Density	8.28 g/cc	0.299 lb/in³

Inconel X-750 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	1120 MPa @Temperature 550 °C	162000 psi @Temperature 1020 °F	Precipitation Hardened prior to test
	1250 MPa @Temperature 23.0 °C	181000 psi @Temperature 73.4 °F
Tensile Strength, Yield	850 MPa @Strain 0.200 %	123000 psi @Strain 0.200 %	Precipitation Hardened. Value at room temperature
	760 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 550 °C	110000 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1020 °F	Precipitation Hardened prior to test
Elongation at Break	30 %	30 %	Precipitation Hardened
	22 % @Temperature 550 °C	22 % @Temperature 1020 °F	Precipitation Hardened prior to test.
Rupture Strength	22.1 MPa @Temperature 982 °C, Time 360000 sec	3200 psi @Temperature 1800 °F, Time 100 hour
	110 MPa @Temperature 816 °C, Time 3.60e+6 sec	16000 psi @Temperature 1500 °F, Time 1000 hour
	179 MPa @Temperature 816 °C, Time 360000 sec	26000 psi @Temperature 1500 °F, Time 100 hour
	469 MPa @Temperature 649 °C, Time 3.60e+6 sec	68000 psi @Temperature 1200 °F, Time 1000 hour
	552 MPa @Temperature 649 °C, Time 360000 sec	80000 psi @Temperature 1200 °F, Time 100 hour

Inconel X-750 Electrical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.000122 ohm-cm	0.000122 ohm-cm
Magnetic Permeability	1.0035	1.0035	at 200 oersted (15.9 kA/m)
Curie Temperature	-125 °C	-193 °F

Inconel X-750 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	English
CTE, linear	12.6 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 100 °C	7.00 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 212 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.431 J/g-°C	0.103 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	12.0 W/m-K	83.3 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1390 – 1430 °C	2530 – 2610 °F
Solidus	1390 °C	2530 °F
Liquidus	1430 °C	2610 °F

Inconel X-750 Component Elements Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Aluminum, Al	0.40 – 1.0 %	0.40 – 1.0 %
Carbon, C	<= 0.080 %	<= 0.080 %
Chromium, Cr	14 – 17 %	14 – 17 %
Cobalt, Co	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Copper, Cu	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Iron, Fe	5.0 – 9.0 %	5.0 – 9.0 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Nickel, Ni	>= 70 %	>= 70 %	Including Cobalt
Niobium, Nb (Columbium, Cb)	0.70 – 1.2 %	0.70 – 1.2 %	Includes Ta
Silicon, Si	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.010 %	<= 0.010 %
Titanium, Ti	2.25 – 2.75 %	2.25 – 2.75 %

Incoloy 800 / Incoloy 800HT

Properties of Incoloy 800 / Incoloy 800HT ↓
Incoloy 800 / Incoloy 800HT: Both Incoloy 800HT and Incoloy 800 are nickel-iron-chromium alloys that offer excellent resistance to carburization and oxidation in high-temperature exposure. They are identical with the only difference being the levels of carbon. Incoloy 800 has a higher level of carbon compared to Incoloy 800HT. Due to the presence of Ni in these alloys, they have a high resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Incoloy 800HT is used in temperatures that go way beyond 1100° F, while Incoloy 800 is ideal for temperatures below 1100° F.

Incoloy 800 Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Density	7.94 g/cc	0.287 lb/in³

Incoloy 800 Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	600 MPa	87000 psi	Annealed
	500 MPa @Temperature 550 °C	72500 psi @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test
Tensile Strength, Yield	275 MPa	39900 psi	Annealed
	213 MPa @Temperature 550 °C	30900 psi @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test
Elongation at Break	45 %	45 %	Annealed prior to test.
	35 % @Temperature 550 °C	35 % @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test.

Incoloy 800 Electrical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000989 ohm-cm	0.0000989 ohm-cm
Magnetic Permeability	1.014	1.014	at 200 oersted (15.9 kA/m)
Curie Temperature	-115 °C	-175 °F

Incoloy 800 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	English
CTE, linear	14.4 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 100 °C	8.00 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 212 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.460 J/g-°C	0.110 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	11.5 W/m-K	79.8 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1357 – 1385 °C	2475 – 2525 °F
Solidus	1357 °C	2475 °F
Liquidus	1385 °C	2525 °F

Incoloy 800 Component Elements Properties

Properties	Metric	English
Aluminum, Al	0.15 – 0.60 %	0.15 – 0.60 %
Carbon, C	<= 0.10 %	<= 0.10 %
Chromium, Cr	19 – 23 %	19 – 23 %
Copper, Cu	<= 0.75 %	<= 0.75 %
Iron, Fe	>= 39.5 %	>= 39.5 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 1.5 %	<= 1.5 %
Nickel, Ni	30 – 35 %	30 – 35 %
Silicon, Si	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.015 %	<= 0.015 %
Titanium, Ti	0.15 – 0.60 %	0.15 – 0.60 %

Incoloy 800HT Physical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Density	7.94 g/cc	0.287 lb/in³

Incoloy 800HT Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	560 MPa	81200 psi	Annealed
	480 MPa @Temperature 550 °C	69600 psi @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test
Tensile Strength, Yield	250 MPa	36300 psi	Annealed
	130 MPa @Temperature 550 °C	18900 psi @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test
Elongation at Break	45 %	45 %	Annealed prior to test.
	44 % @Temperature 550 °C	44 % @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test.

Incoloy 800HT Electrical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000989 ohm-cm	0.0000989 ohm-cm
Magnetic Permeability	1.014	1.014	at 200 oersted (15.9 kA/m)
Curie Temperature	-115 °C	-175 °F

Incoloy 800HT Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	English
CTE, linear	14.4 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 100 °C	8.00 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 212 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.460 J/g-°C	0.110 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	11.5 W/m-K	79.8 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1357 – 1385 °C	2475 – 2525 °F
Solidus	1357 °C	2475 °F
Liquidus	1385 °C	2525 °F

Incoloy 800HT Component Elements Properties

Properties	Metric	English
Aluminum, Al	0.15 – 0.60 %	0.15 – 0.60 %
Carbon, C	0.060 – 0.10 %	0.060 – 0.10 %
Chromium, Cr	19 – 23 %	19 – 23 %
Copper, Cu	<= 0.75 %	<= 0.75 %
Iron, Fe	>= 39.5 %	>= 39.5 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 1.5 %	<= 1.5 %
Nickel, Ni	30 – 35 %	30 – 35 %
Silicon, Si	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.015 %	<= 0.015 %
Titanium, Ti	0.15 – 0.60 %	0.15 – 0.60 %

Incoloy 825

Properties of Incoloy 825 ↓
Incoloy 825: Incoloy 825 is an alloy of Ni, iron, and chromium. It also contains copper, titanium and molybdenum. Its chemical composition is formulated to provide exceptional resistance even when exposed to corrosive environments. It’s similar to alloy 800, but in this case, it offers improved resistance to aqueous corrosion. It provides enhanced resistance even when exposed to reducing and oxidizing acids. It’s also resistant to phosphoric and sulfuric acids.

Incoloy 825 Physical Properties

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Density	8.14 g/cc	0.294 lb/in³

Incoloy 825 Mechanical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	690 MPa	100000 psi	Annealed
	590 MPa @Temperature 550 °C	85600 psi @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test
Tensile Strength, Yield	310 MPa	45000 psi	Annealed
	220 MPa @Temperature 550 °C	31900 psi @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test
Elongation at Break	45 %	45 %	Annealed prior to test.
	45 % @Temperature 550 °C	45 % @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test.

Incoloy 825 Electrical Properties

Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.000113 ohm-cm	0.000113 ohm-cm
Magnetic Permeability	1.005	1.005	at 200 oersted (15.9 kA/m)
Curie Temperature	<= -196 °C	<= -321 °F

Incoloy 825 Thermal Properties

Properties	Metric	English
CTE, linear	14.0 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 100 °C	7.78 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 212 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.440 J/g-°C	0.105 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	11.1 W/m-K	77.0 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1370 – 1400 °C	2500 – 2550 °F
Solidus	1370 °C	2500 °F
Liquidus	1400 °C	2550 °F

Incoloy 825 Component Elements Properties

Properties	Metric	English
Aluminum, Al	<= 0.20 %	<= 0.20 %
Carbon, C	<= 0.050 %	<= 0.050 %
Chromium, Cr	19.5 – 23.5 %	19.5 – 23.5 %
Copper, Cu	1.5 – 3.0 %	1.5 – 3.0 %
Iron, Fe	>= 22 %	>= 22 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Molybdenum, Mo	2.5 – 3.5 %	2.5 – 3.5 %
Nickel, Ni	38 – 46 %	38 – 46 %
Silicon, Si	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.030 %	<= 0.030 %
Titanium, Ti	0.60 – 1.2 %	0.60 – 1.2 %

Hastelloy C276

Properties of Hastelloy C276 ↓

Hastelloy C276: Hastelloy C276 is a superalloy of Ni, molybdenum, and chromium. It also has tungsten which helps to improve the overall corrosion resistance. High levels of molybdenum and nickel make the Hastelloy C276 foil specially resistant to crevice corrosion. It is very versatile, and its uses range from chemical processing environments to gas wells. It is also used in paper production, gas desulfurization systems, and water treatment. It can be fabricated, hot-upset, forged, and impact extruded. It is ideal for use with all welding techniques. It is produced in various forms such as foil, sheets, tubes, and plates.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	8.89 g/cc	0.321 lb/in³	at RT

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Hardness, Rockwell B	87	87	plate
	90	90	sheet
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	601.2 MPa @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 538 °C	87200 psi @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 1000 °F
	613 MPa @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 538 °C	88900 psi @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 1000 °F
	630.9 MPa @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 427 °C	91500 psi @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 801 °F
	644.7 MPa @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 427 °C	93510 psi @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 801 °F
	650.2 MPa @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 427 °C	94300 psi @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 801 °F
	650.2 MPa @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 316 °C	94300 psi @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 601 °F
	653.6 MPa @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 427 °C	94800 psi @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 801 °F
	655 MPa @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 427 °C	95000 psi @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 801 °F
	664 MPa @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 316 °C	96300 psi @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 601 °F
	668.8 MPa @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 316 °C	97000 psi @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 601 °F
	673 MPa @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 316 °C	97600 psi @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 601 °F
	681.2 MPa @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 316 °C	98800 psi @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 601 °F
	681.9 MPa @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 204 °C	98900 psi @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 399 °F
	693.6 MPa @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 204 °C	100600 psi @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 399 °F
	695 MPa @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 204 °C	101000 psi @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 399 °F
	696.4 MPa @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 204 °C	101000 psi @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 399 °F
	792.2 MPa @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 20.0 °C	114900 psi @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 68.0 °F
	826.7 MPa @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 20.0 °C	119900 psi @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 68.0 °F
Tensile Strength, Yield	204.8 MPa @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 427 °C	29700 psi @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 801 °F	0.2% offset
	210.3 MPa @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 427 °C	30500 psi @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 801 °F	0.2% offset
	225.5 MPa @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 427 °C	32710 psi @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 801 °F	0.2% offset
	225.5 MPa @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 427 °C	32710 psi @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 801 °F	0.2% offset
	226.2 MPa @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 538 °C	32810 psi @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 1000 °F	0.2% offset
	231 MPa @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 316 °C	33500 psi @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 601 °F	0.2% offset
	233.1 MPa @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 538 °C	33810 psi @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 1000 °F	0.2% offset
	235.1 MPa @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 316 °C	34100 psi @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 601 °F	0.2% offset
	239.9 MPa @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 427 °C	34790 psi @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 801 °F	0.2% offset
	247.5 MPa @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 316 °C	35900 psi @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 601 °F	0.2% offset
	249.6 MPa @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 316 °C	36200 psi @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 601 °F	0.2% offset
	259.9 MPa @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 316 °C	37700 psi @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 601 °F	0.2% offset
	263.4 MPa @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 204 °C	38200 psi @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 399 °F	0.2% offset
	275.1 MPa @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 204 °C	39900 psi @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 399 °F	0.2% offset
	289.6 MPa @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 204 °C	42000 psi @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 399 °F	0.2% offset
	290.3 MPa @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 204 °C	42100 psi @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 399 °F	0.2% offset
	355.8 MPa @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 20.0 °C	51600 psi @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 68.0 °F	0.2% offset
	364.7 MPa @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 20.0 °C	52900 psi @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 68.0 °F	0.2% offset
Elongation at Break	56 % @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 204 °C	56 % @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 399 °F	in 50.8 mm
	58 % @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 204 °C	58 % @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 399 °F	in 50.8 mm
	59 % @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 20.0 °C	59 % @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 68.0 °F	in 50.8 mm
	59 % @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 204 °C	59 % @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 399 °F	in 50.8 mm
	59 % @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 538 °C	59 % @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 1000 °F	in 50.8 mm
	60 % @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 538 °C	60 % @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 1000 °F	in 50.8 mm
	60 % @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 427 °C	60 % @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 801 °F	in 50.8 mm
	61 % @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 20.0 °C	61 % @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 68.0 °F	in 50.8 mm
	61 % @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 204 °C	61 % @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 399 °F	in 50.8 mm
	61 % @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 427 °C	61 % @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 801 °F	in 50.8 mm
	63 % @Thickness 25.4 mm, Temperature 316 °C	63 % @Thickness 1.00 in, Temperature 601 °F	in 50.8 mm
	64 % @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 316 °C	64 % @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 601 °F	in 50.8 mm
	64 % @Thickness 2.40 mm, Temperature 427 °C	64 % @Thickness 0.0945 in, Temperature 801 °F	in 50.8 mm
	64 % @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 316 °C	64 % @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 601 °F	in 50.8 mm
	65 % @Thickness 1.60 – 4.70 mm, Temperature 427 °C	65 % @Thickness 0.0630 – 0.185 in, Temperature 801 °F	in 50.8 mm
	66 % @Thickness 4.80 – 25.4 mm, Temperature 316 °C	66 % @Thickness 0.189 – 1.00 in, Temperature 601 °F	in 50.8 mm
	67 % @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 427 °C	67 % @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 801 °F	in 50.8 mm
	68 % @Thickness 2.00 mm, Temperature 316 °C	68 % @Thickness 0.0787 in, Temperature 601 °F	in 50.8 mm
Modulus of Elasticity	205 GPa	29700 ksi	RT
	176 GPa @Temperature 538 °C	25500 ksi @Temperature 1000 °F	heat treated at 1121°C (2050°F) and rapid quenched
	182 GPa @Temperature 427 °C	26400 ksi @Temperature 801 °F	heat treated at 1121°C (2050°F) and rapid quenched
	188 GPa @Temperature 316 °C	27300 ksi @Temperature 601 °F	heat treated at 1121°C (2050°F) and rapid quenched
	195 GPa @Temperature 204 °C	28300 ksi @Temperature 399 °F	heat treated at 1121°C (2050°F) and rapid quenched
Charpy Impact	87.0 J @Temperature -196 °C	64.2 ft-lb @Temperature -321 °F	V Notch; plate; aged 1000 hours at 538°C (1000°F)
	130 J @Temperature -196 °C	95.9 ft-lb @Temperature -321 °F	V Notch; plate; aged 100 hours at 538°C (1000°F)
	339 J @Temperature -196 °C	250 ft-lb @Temperature -321 °F	V Notch; plate; aged 100 hours at 260°C
	357 J @Temperature -196 °C	263 ft-lb @Temperature -321 °F	V Notch; plate; solution heat treated at 1121°C (2050°F), rapid quenched

Electrical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.000130 ohm-cm @Temperature 24.0 °C	0.000130 ohm-cm @Temperature 75.2 °F

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	11.2 µm/m-°C @Temperature 24.0 – 93.0 °C	6.22 µin/in-°F @Temperature 75.2 – 199 °F
	12.0 µm/m-°C @Temperature 24.0 – 204 °C	6.67 µin/in-°F @Temperature 75.2 – 399 °F
	12.8 µm/m-°C @Temperature 24.0 – 316 °C	7.11 µin/in-°F @Temperature 75.2 – 601 °F
	13.2 µm/m-°C @Temperature 24.0 – 427 °C	7.33 µin/in-°F @Temperature 75.2 – 801 °F
	13.4 µm/m-°C @Temperature 24.0 – 538 °C	7.44 µin/in-°F @Temperature 75.2 – 1000 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.427 J/g-°C	0.102 BTU/lb-°F	RT
Thermal Conductivity	7.20 W/m-K @Temperature -168 °C	50.0 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature -270 °F
	8.60 W/m-K @Temperature -73.0 °C	59.7 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature -99.4 °F
	9.40 W/m-K @Temperature -18.0 °C	65.2 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature -0.400 °F
	10.2 W/m-K @Temperature 38.0 °C	70.8 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 100 °F
	11.1 W/m-K @Temperature 93.0 °C	77.0 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 199 °F
	13.0 W/m-K @Temperature 204 °C	90.2 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 399 °F
	15.0 W/m-K @Temperature 316 °C	104 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 601 °F
	16.9 W/m-K @Temperature 427 °C	117 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 801 °F
	19.0 W/m-K @Temperature 538 °C	132 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1000 °F
Melting Point	1323 – 1371 °C	2413 – 2500 °F
Solidus	1323 °C	2413 °F
Liquidus	1371 °C	2500 °F

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Carbon, C	<= 0.010 %	<= 0.010 %
Chromium, Cr	14.5 – 16.5 %	14.5 – 16.5 %
Cobalt, Co	<= 2.5 %	<= 2.5 %
Iron, Fe	4.0 – 7.0 %	4.0 – 7.0 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Molybdenum, Mo	15 – 17 %	15 – 17 %
Nickel, Ni	57 %	57 %
Phosphorous, P	<= 0.025 %	<= 0.025 %
Silicon, Si	<= 0.080 %	<= 0.080 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.010 %	<= 0.010 %
Tungsten, W	3.0 – 4.5 %	3.0 – 4.5 %
Vanadium, V	<= 0.35 %	<= 0.35 %

Hastelloy B 3

Properties of Hastelloy B-3 ↓
Hastelloy B3: Hastelloy B3 exhibits high levels of resistance to sulfuric acids, hydrobromic and pure hydrochloric acids. It has a great structural stability with few concerns on service, welding, and fabrication. It can resist stress-corrosion cracking. It is used in reducing acid services and the constructions of reactor vessels.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	9.22 g/cc	0.333 lb/in³	at RT

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Hardness, Brinell	342	342	Converted from Rockwell C hardness.
Hardness, Knoop	371	371	Converted from Rockwell C hardness.
Hardness, Rockwell C	37	37
Hardness, Vickers	358	358	Converted from Rockwell C hardness.
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	1095 MPa	158800 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield	895 MPa @Strain 0.200 %	130000 psi @Strain 0.200 %
Elongation at Break	25 %	25 %	in 51 mm
Modulus of Elasticity	216 GPa	31300 ksi	RT
	147 GPa @Temperature 1000 °C	21300 ksi @Temperature 1830 °F
	157 GPa @Temperature 900 °C	22800 ksi @Temperature 1650 °F
	168 GPa @Temperature 800 °C	24400 ksi @Temperature 1470 °F
	178 GPa @Temperature 700 °C	25800 ksi @Temperature 1290 °F
	185 GPa @Temperature 600 °C	26800 ksi @Temperature 1110 °F
	190 GPa @Temperature 500 °C	27600 ksi @Temperature 932 °F
	197 GPa @Temperature 400 °C	28600 ksi @Temperature 752 °F
	202 GPa @Temperature 300 °C	29300 ksi @Temperature 572 °F
	208 GPa @Temperature 200 °C	30200 ksi @Temperature 392 °F
	213 GPa @Temperature 100 °C	30900 ksi @Temperature 212 °F

Electrical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.000137 ohm-cm	0.000137 ohm-cm	RT
	0.000130 ohm-cm @Temperature 1000 °C	0.000130 ohm-cm @Temperature 1830 °F
	0.000132 ohm-cm @Temperature 900 °C	0.000132 ohm-cm @Temperature 1650 °F
	0.000137 ohm-cm @Temperature 100 °C	0.000137 ohm-cm @Temperature 212 °F
	0.000137 ohm-cm @Temperature 200 °C	0.000137 ohm-cm @Temperature 392 °F
	0.000137 ohm-cm @Temperature 800 °C	0.000137 ohm-cm @Temperature 1470 °F
	0.000138 ohm-cm @Temperature 300 °C	0.000138 ohm-cm @Temperature 572 °F
	0.000138 ohm-cm @Temperature 400 °C	0.000138 ohm-cm @Temperature 752 °F
	0.000140 ohm-cm @Temperature 500 °C	0.000140 ohm-cm @Temperature 932 °F
	0.000142 ohm-cm @Temperature 700 °C	0.000142 ohm-cm @Temperature 1290 °F
	0.000143 ohm-cm @Temperature 600 °C	0.000143 ohm-cm @Temperature 1110 °F

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	11.4 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 300 °C	6.33 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 572 °F
	11.6 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 400 °C	6.44 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 752 °F
	11.8 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 600 °C	6.56 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 1110 °F
	11.8 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 500 °C	6.56 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 932 °F
	12.2 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 700 °C	6.78 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 1290 °F
	13.1 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 800 °C	7.28 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 1470 °F
	13.9 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 900 °C	7.72 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 1650 °F
	14.4 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 1000 °C	8.00 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 1830 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.373 J/g-°C	0.0891 BTU/lb-°F	RT
	0.382 J/g-°C @Temperature 100 °C	0.0913 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 212 °F
	0.409 J/g-°C @Temperature 200 °C	0.0978 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 392 °F
	0.421 J/g-°C @Temperature 300 °C	0.101 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 572 °F
	0.431 J/g-°C @Temperature 400 °C	0.103 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 752 °F
	0.434 J/g-°C @Temperature 600 °C	0.104 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 1110 °F
	0.436 J/g-°C @Temperature 500 °C	0.104 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 932 °F
	0.575 J/g-°C @Temperature 1000 °C	0.137 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 1830 °F
	0.577 J/g-°C @Temperature 900 °C	0.138 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 1650 °F
	0.589 J/g-°C @Temperature 800 °C	0.141 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 1470 °F
	0.595 J/g-°C @Temperature 700 °C	0.142 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 1290 °F
Thermal Conductivity	11.2 W/m-K	77.7 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F	RT
	12.1 W/m-K @Temperature 100 °C	84.0 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 212 °F
	13.4 W/m-K @Temperature 200 °C	93.0 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 392 °F
	14.8 W/m-K @Temperature 300 °C	103 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 572 °F
	16.3 W/m-K @Temperature 400 °C	113 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 752 °F
	17.9 W/m-K @Temperature 500 °C	124 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 932 °F
	19.6 W/m-K @Temperature 600 °C	136 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1110 °F
	21.4 W/m-K @Temperature 800 °C	149 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1470 °F
	21.4 W/m-K @Temperature 700 °C	149 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1290 °F
	23.3 W/m-K @Temperature 900 °C	162 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1650 °F
	27.5 W/m-K @Temperature 1000 °C	191 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1830 °F
Melting Point	1370 – 1418 °C	2500 – 2584 °F
Solidus	1370 °C	2500 °F
Liquidus	1418 °C	2584 °F

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Aluminum, Al	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Carbon, C	<= 0.010 %	<= 0.010 %
Chromium, Cr	1.5 %	1.5 %
Cobalt, Co	<= 3.0 %	<= 3.0 %
Iron, Fe	1.5 %	1.5 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 3.0 %	<= 3.0 %
Molybdenum, Mo	28.5 %	28.5 %
Nickel, Ni	>= 65 %	>= 65 %
Silicon, Si	<= 0.10 %	<= 0.10 %
Titanium, Ti	<= 0.20 %	<= 0.20 %
Tungsten, W	<= 3.0 %	<= 3.0 %

Descriptive Properties
Thermal Diffusivity	0.003 cm²/s		at 25°C
	0.0032 cm²/s		at 100°C
	0.0034 cm²/s		at 200°C
	0.0037 cm²/s		at 300°C
	0.004 cm²/s		at 400°C
	0.0044 cm²/s		at 500°C
	0.0045 cm²/s		at 600°C
	0.0045 cm²/s		at 900°C
	0.0047 cm²/s		at 800°C
	0.0049 cm²/s		at 1000°C
	0.0049 cm²/s		at 700°C

Hastelloy X

Properties of Hastelloy X ↓
Hastelloy X is an alloy of molybdenum, Nickel, iron, and chromium. It possesses a superior combination of fabricability, high-temperature strength, and oxidation resistance. It has superior resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, especially during petrochemical applications. Even after prolonged exposure to high temperatures, it still exhibits good ductility. Not only does Hastelloy X have superior forming characteristics but it also has excellent welding characteristics. It is ideal for aircraft and chemical process components.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	8.22 g/cc	0.297 lb/in³	at RT.

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	765 MPa	111000 psi
	97.0 MPa @Temperature 1095 °C	14100 psi @Temperature 2003 °F
	175 MPa @Temperature 980 °C	25400 psi @Temperature 1800 °F
	310 MPa @Temperature 870 °C	45000 psi @Temperature 1600 °F
	465 MPa @Temperature 760 °C	67400 psi @Temperature 1400 °F
	570 MPa @Temperature 650 °C	82700 psi @Temperature 1200 °F
	615 MPa @Temperature 540 °C	89200 psi @Temperature 1000 °F
Tensile Strength, Yield	380 MPa @Strain 0.200 %	55100 psi @Strain 0.200 %
	44.0 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1095 °C	6380 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 2003 °F
	91.0 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 980 °C	13200 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1800 °F
	195 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 870 °C	28300 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1600 °F
	235 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 760 °C	34100 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1400 °F
	245 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 540 °C	35500 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1000 °F
	245 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 650 °C	35500 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1200 °F
Elongation at Break	44.2 %	44.2 %	in 51 mm
	49.5 % @Temperature 540 °C	49.5 % @Temperature 1000 °F	in 51 mm
	53.4 % @Temperature 760 °C	53.4 % @Temperature 1400 °F	in 51 mm
	54 % @Temperature 650 °C	54 % @Temperature 1200 °F	in 51 mm
	58.3 % @Temperature 870 °C	58.3 % @Temperature 1600 °F	in 51 mm
	59.8 % @Temperature 1095 °C	59.8 % @Temperature 2003 °F	in 51 mm
	65.1 % @Temperature 980 °C	65.1 % @Temperature 1800 °F	in 51 mm
Modulus of Elasticity	139 GPa @Temperature 1000 °C	20200 ksi @Temperature 1830 °F
	151 GPa @Temperature 900 °C	21900 ksi @Temperature 1650 °F
	158 GPa @Temperature 800 °C	22900 ksi @Temperature 1470 °F
	166 GPa @Temperature 700 °C	24100 ksi @Temperature 1290 °F
	174 GPa @Temperature 600 °C	25200 ksi @Temperature 1110 °F
	186 GPa @Temperature 400 °C	27000 ksi @Temperature 752 °F
	197 GPa @Temperature 200 °C	28600 ksi @Temperature 392 °F
	205 GPa @Temperature 20.0 °C	29700 ksi @Temperature 68.0 °F

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	15.0 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 500 °C	8.33 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 932 °F
	15.3 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 600 °C	8.50 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 1110 °F
	15.6 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 700 °C	8.67 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 1290 °F
	16.0 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 800 °C	8.89 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 1470 °F
	16.3 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 900 °C	9.06 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 1650 °F
	16.6 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 1000 °C	9.22 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 1830 °F
Thermal Conductivity	16.9 W/m-K @Temperature 400 °C	117 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 752 °F
	20.9 W/m-K @Temperature 600 °C	145 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1110 °F
	22.8 W/m-K @Temperature 700 °C	158 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1290 °F
	24.8 W/m-K @Temperature 800 °C	172 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1470 °F
	26.7 W/m-K @Temperature 900 °C	185 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1650 °F
	28.7 W/m-K @Temperature 1000 °C	199 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 1830 °F
Melting Point	1260 – 1355 °C	2300 – 2471 °F
Solidus	1260 °C	2300 °F
Liquidus	1355 °C	2471 °F
Maximum Service Temperature, Air	1095 °C	2003 °F

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Boron, B	<= 0.0080 %	<= 0.0080 %
Carbon, C	0.10 %	0.10 %
Chromium, Cr	22 %	22 %
Cobalt, Co	1.5 %	1.5 %
Iron, Fe	18 %	18 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Molybdenum, Mo	9.0 %	9.0 %
Nickel, Ni	47 %	47 %
Silicon, Si	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Tungsten, W	0.60 %	0.60 %

Alloy 20

Properties of Alloy 20 ↓
Alloy 20: Alloy 20 was designed to withstand corrosion against sulfuric acid. It is an alloy of molybdenum, copper, nickel, and chromium. It provides superior corrosion resistance. The addition of columbium stabilization allows for welded fabrications even when used in corrosive environments. It offers resistance to chloride stress cracking. Its applications include bubble caps, mixing tanks, process piping, heat exchangers, phosphate coating of drums and pickling tanks.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	8.06 g/cc	0.291 lb/in³

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Hardness, Brinell	<= 217	<= 217
Hardness, Rockwell B	<= 95	<= 95
Tensile Strength at Break	>= 552 MPa	>= 80000 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield	>= 241 MPa @Strain 0.200 %	>= 35000 psi @Strain 0.200 %
Elongation at Break	>= 30 %	>= 30 %
Modulus of Elasticity	193 GPa	28000 ksi

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	14.7 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 100 °C	8.16 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 212 °F
	15.9 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 450 °C	8.84 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 842 °F
	17.2 µm/m-°C @Temperature 25.0 – 900.0 °C	9.53 µin/in-°F @Temperature 77.0 – 1652 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.502 J/g-°C @Temperature 0.000 – 100 °C	0.120 BTU/lb-°F @Temperature 32.0 – 212 °F

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Carbon, C	<= 0.070 %	<= 0.070 %
Chromium, Cr	19 – 21 %	19 – 21 %
Copper, Cu	3.0 – 4.0 %	3.0 – 4.0 %
Iron, Fe	29.85 – 44 %	29.85 – 44 %
Manganese, Mn	<= 2.0 %	<= 2.0 %
Molybdenum, Mo	2.0 – 3.0 %	2.0 – 3.0 %
Nb + Ta	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Nickel, Ni	32 – 38 %	32 – 38 %
Phosphorous, P	<= 0.045 %	<= 0.045 %
Silicon, Si	<= 1.0 %	<= 1.0 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.035 %	<= 0.035 %

Alloy 330

Properties of Alloy 330 ↓
Alloy 330: Alloy 330 is specifically designed for the treatment industry. It provides excellent resistance to oxidizing and carburizing atmospheres. It has a Nickel content of between 34 to 37%, which makes it highly resistant to embrittlement and chloride stress corrosion cracking. Its uses include chemical processing industries, ore processing, power generation, and thermal processing.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	8.08 g/cc	0.292 lb/in³

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	600 MPa	87000 psi	Annealed prior to test
	480 MPa @Temperature 550 °C	69600 psi @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test
Tensile Strength, Yield	280 MPa @Strain 0.200 %	40600 psi @Strain 0.200 %	Annealed prior to test
	170 MPa @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 550 °C	24700 psi @Strain 0.200 %, Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test
Elongation at Break	45 %	45 %	Annealed prior to test.
	45 % @Temperature 550 °C	45 % @Temperature 1020 °F	Annealed prior to test.

Electrical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.0001017 ohm-cm	0.0001017 ohm-cm
Magnetic Permeability	1.02	1.02	at 200 oersted (15.9 kA/m)

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	14.9 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 100 °C	8.28 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 212 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.460 J/g-°C	0.110 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	12.4 W/m-K	86.1 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1345 – 1425 °C	2453 – 2597 °F
Solidus	1345 °C	2453 °F
Liquidus	1425 °C	2597 °F

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Carbon, C	<= 0.080 %	<= 0.080 %
Chromium, Cr	17 – 20 %	17 – 20 %
Iron, Fe	43 %	43 %	As remainder
Manganese, Mn	<= 2.0 %	<= 2.0 %
Nickel, Ni	34 – 37 %	34 – 37 %
Phosphorous, P	0.030 %	0.030 %
Silicon, Si	0.75 – 1.5 %	0.75 – 1.5 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.030 %	<= 0.030 %

Alloy A286

Properties of Alloy A286 ↓

Alloy A286: Alloy A286 is an alloy of Nickel, iron, and chromium. It is comprised of titanium and molybdenum. It is well known for its excellent oxidation resistance and good strength. It has excellent fabrication characteristics, high ductility, good creep-rapture strength, high mechanical properties and it is ideal for numerous applications. Alloy A286 is used in jet engines, turbine wheels, automotive engines, gas components, frames, and casings.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	7.92 g/cc	0.286 lb/in³	Solution Treated

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Hardness, Rockwell B	85	85	Typical Annealed
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	620 MPa	89900 psi	Solution Treated (Typical)
Tensile Strength, Yield	275 MPa	39900 psi	Solution Treated (Typical)
Elongation at Break	40 %	40 %	Solution Treated (Typical)
Modulus of Elasticity	201 GPa	29200 ksi	Dynamic
Poissons Ratio	0.30	0.30
Shear Modulus	77.0 GPa	11200 ksi

Electrical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000910 ohm-cm	0.0000910 ohm-cm
Magnetic Permeability	1.01	1.01	Solution Treated

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	16.5 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 93.0 °C	9.17 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 199 °F
	17.0 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 315 °C	9.44 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 599 °F
	17.6 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 538 °C	9.78 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 1000 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.420 J/g-°C	0.100 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	15.1 W/m-K @Temperature 150 °C	105 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 302 °F
Melting Point	1370 – 1430 °C	2500 – 2610 °F
Solidus	1370 °C	2500 °F
Liquidus	1430 °C	2610 °F
Maximum Service Temperature, Air	816 °C	1500 °F	Continuous service
	982 °C	1800 °F	Intermittent

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Aluminum, Al	0.15 %	0.15 %
Boron, B	0.0060 %	0.0060 %
Carbon, C	0.040 %	0.040 %
Chromium, Cr	14.5 %	14.5 %
Iron, Fe	56 %	56 %	as balance
Manganese, Mn	0.20 %	0.20 %
Molybdenum, Mo	1.25 %	1.25 %
Nickel, Ni	25 %	25 %
Phosphorous, P	0.015 %	0.015 %
Silicon, Si	0.20 %	0.20 %
Sulfur, S	0.0020 %	0.0020 %
Titanium, Ti	2.1 %	2.1 %
Vanadium, V	0.30 %	0.30 %

Kovar

Properties of Incoloy 825 ↓
Kovar: Kovar is an example of a controlled expansion alloy. It is applied to ceramics, glass, metal seals, electronic package base, lead frames, and lids. It is designed to adapt to microwave, hybrid, computer, semiconductors, and space age technology demands. This makes it an invaluable resource to aerospace, defense, and telecommunications companies.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	7.85 g/cc	0.284 lb/in³	Sintered

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Hardness, Rockwell B	64.1	64.1
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	427 MPa	62000 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield	276 MPa	40000 psi
Elongation at Break	30 %	30 %	in 1 inch
Charpy Impact, Unnotched	102 J	75.0 ft-lb	1/2 size bar

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	5.10 – 5.50 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 – 450 °C	2.83 – 3.06 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 – 842 °F

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Carbon, C	0.040 %	0.040 %
Cobalt, Co	17 %	17 %
Iron, Fe	54 %	54 %	by difference
Nickel, Ni	29 %	29 %

Descriptive Properties
Surface Finish	32 Ra

Invar

Properties of Invar ↓
Invar: Invar is an alloy that contains 36% Nickel, and it has the lowest level of thermal expansion among all alloys and metals. It is easily weldable, ductile and machinable. It is not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. It is useful in telecommunications, cryogenic engineering, aeronautical and aerospace engineering.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	8.05 g/cc	0.291 lb/in³

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Hardness, Rockwell B	98	98
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	717 MPa	104000 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield	679 MPa @Strain 0.200 %	98500 psi @Strain 0.200 %
Elongation at Break	5.5 %	5.5 %	in 50.8 mm
Modulus of Elasticity	148 GPa	21500 ksi

Electrical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000820 ohm-cm	0.0000820 ohm-cm	Temperature Coefficient = 0.0011/K (21-100°C)
Curie Temperature	279 °C	534 °F

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
CTE, linear	1.30 µm/m-°C @Temperature 93.0 °C	0.722 µin/in-°F @Temperature 199 °F
	4.18 µm/m-°C @Temperature 260 °C	2.32 µin/in-°F @Temperature 500 °F
	7.60 µm/m-°C @Temperature 371 °C	4.22 µin/in-°F @Temperature 700 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.515 J/g-°C	0.123 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity	10.15 W/m-K	70.44 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point	1427 °C	2601 °F
Solidus	1427 °C	2601 °F	Melting Point
Liquidus	1427 °C	2601 °F	Melting Point

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Carbon, C	0.020 %	0.020 %
Iron, Fe	63 %	63 %	as remainder
Manganese, Mn	0.35 %	0.35 %
Nickel, Ni	36 %	36 %
Silicon, Si	0.20 %	0.20 %

NiChrome 80/20

Properties of NiChrome 80/20 ↓
Nichrome 80/20: Nichrome 80/20 offers sufficient resistance, especially when used in wide temperature fluctuations or frequent switching. It is widely applied in electrical heating elements in devices such as plastic molding dies, soldering guns, water heaters, and flat irons. It contains 80% Ni and 20% Chromium. It is available in coil, sheet, strip and foil form.

Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	2.30 – 3.00 g/cc	0.0831 – 0.108 lb/in³	ASTM B212
Particle Size	10 µm	10 µm	maximum of 3% less than
	19 – 23 µm	19 – 23 µm	10%
	32 – 40 µm	32 – 40 µm	50%
	45 µm	45 µm	maximum of 5% greater than
	55 – 63 µm	55 – 63 µm	90%
	88 µm	88 µm	100% less than

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Carbon, C	9.5 – 11.5 %	9.5 – 11.5 %
Iron, Fe	<= 0.50 %	<= 0.50 %
Nickel, Ni	14 – 16 %	14 – 16 %
Oxygen, O	<= 0.60 %	<= 0.60 %

Supply of Nickel for Industrial and Commercial Applications

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